Concept and application of low temperature bearings
Published on:
2025-04-18 16:33
Bearings with working temperature below -60℃ are low temperature bearings. They are mainly used in various liquid pumps, such as liquefied natural gas pumps, liquid nitrogen (hydrogen, oxygen) pumps, butane pumps, etc. Low-temperature bearings are not the same as high-temperature bearings that can run stably in high-temperature environments. Instead, they refer to bearings that use special materials and structural designs to reduce the friction coefficient, thereby reducing frictional heat and allowing the bearings to remain at a low temperature during long-term operation.
The world's leading bearing brands all use bearing operating temperature as an important indicator. Therefore, the operating temperature of low-temperature bearings reflects the material technology and processing level of bearing processing. The main measurement is the temperature difference between the outer ring of the bearing and the injected cooling oil during operation. Lower operating temperature means longer bearing life and higher performance.
Commonly used low-temperature bearings are single-row deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings. For bearing seizure at low temperatures, the external factor is the change in temperature, and the internal factor is the different thermal expansion coefficients of the shaft, frame and material. When the temperature range is large, different materials shrink at different rates, causing the gap to become smaller and stuck. Therefore, for equipment with a wide working range, including equipment used at low temperatures, it is necessary to calculate the expansion coefficient of the material, and try to use materials with similar expansion coefficients, which will have better results. In addition, in structural design, try to avoid using a tapered roller bearing at each end of the shaft. With this structure, the longer the distance between the two bearings, the greater the possibility of jamming. If a pair of tapered bearings are installed at one end of the shaft, the axial movement of the shaft is constrained as the positioning of the shaft, and the other end of the shaft is used with a rolling bearing to limit only the radial force, and the axial movement can be controlled within a certain range with the axial temperature.
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